An EEG is a test that detects abnormalities in your brain's electrical activity or brain waves. Electrodes consisting of small metal discs with thin wires are pasted onto your scalp during the procedure. The electrodes detect tiny electrical charges produced by your brain cells' activity. The charges are amplified and displayed on a computer screen as a graph or as a recording that can be printed out on paper. The reading is then interpreted by your healthcare provider. During an EEG, your healthcare provider will typically evaluate about 100 pages of activity or computer screens. He or she examines not only the basic waveform but also brief bursts of energy and responses to stimuli such as flashing lights. Potential studies are related procedures that may also be performed. These studies measure electrical activity in your brain as a result of stimulation by sight, sound, or touch. The EEG is used to assess a variety of brain disorders. When epilepsy is present, seizure activity appears on the EEG as rapid spiking waves. People with brain lesions, which can be caused by tumors or strokes, may have unusually slow EEG waves, depending on the size and location of the lesion. The test can also be used to diagnose other conditions that affect brain activity, such as Alzheimer's disease, certain psychoses, and narcolepsy, a sleep disorder. The EEG can also be used to determine the brain's overall electrical activity (for example, to evaluate trauma, drug intoxication, or the extent of brain damage in comatose patients). During surgical procedures, the EEG may also be used to monitor blood flow in the brain. Your healthcare provider may also recommend an EEG for other reasons.
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